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interior the chinese militia attack on Nortel | 920-482 practice questions and Latest Questions

It changed into a brilliant clue. 

In 2004 Nortel cyber-safety consultant Brian Shields investigated a serious breach within the telecom large’s community. at the time Nortel’s fibre optics machine was the area’s envy, with 70 per cent of all information superhighway traffic working on Canadian technology. 

And somebody desired Nortel’s secrets and techniques.

Shields discovered that a computer in Shanghai had hacked into the electronic mail account of an Ottawa-based Nortel govt. the use of passwords stolen from the government the intruder downloaded more than 450 documents from “reside hyperlink” — a Nortel server used to warehouse sensitive intellectual property.

Shields quickly discovered the hacker controlled the accounts of at least seven Nortel executives. This was no random cybercriminal. however who became it?

Shields examined the numerical cyber web addresses of computers extracting Nortel statistics and found that they had been clustered right into a tiny pinprick of cyberspace. He become shocked because it gave the impression of a room full of web servers. Whoever become at the back of these hackers, Shields believed, perceived to handle China’s internet. 

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“It hit me like a ton of bricks,” Shields referred to.

“I knew this couldn’t be occurring by accident.”

 

China ‘totally took us down’: former Nortel cyber-security investigator

Shields says the information superhighway addresses were all registered to Shanghai Faxian Corp., a corporation and not using a connection to Nortel that Shields decided turned into a entrance with out a real company in China. 

Shields noticed another primary clue in Nortel’s logs of community traffic from Saturday, April 24, 2004. in line with Shields, in just seven hours a Shanghai Faxian tackle downloaded 779 documents that day the usage of the account of Nortel CEO Frank Dunn. The hack passed off 4 days earlier than Dunn became fired, amid an investigation of accounting irregularities. To Shields, this suggested the Shanghai hackers knew exactly what Nortel’s board of administrators planned, and the ultimate time to extract a enormous cache of information.

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“up to now, they now have 1,488 documents which have been downloaded,” Shields wrote to Nortel’s management in his “facts theft” investigation file. “China is the supply of all extractions they are aware of.”

For months Shields tracked the hackers. but Nortel’s brass changed into broadly speaking disinterested in the investigation and did little greater than change government account passwords, Shields says. He says they were more concentrated on yr-to-yr profits and innovation budgets than maintaining Nortel’s valuable research. Mike Zafirovski, Nortel’s CEO from 2005 to 2009, did not respond to questions for this story despatched to his LinkedIn account. Zafirovski talked about Shields was commonplace to “cry wolf” and management didn’t accept as true with hacking was a true subject, the Wall street Journal stated in 2012.

So the systematic hacking continued, Shields says. And subsequently, Shields says, in 2009 — after getting hugely underbid on a sequence of contracts with the aid of China’s state-champion company Huawei — Nortel went bankrupt.

within the conclusion, Shields decided China’s executive gained finished handle of Nortel’s internal methods. After ten years of cyberattacks they could see every little thing Nortel turned into doing, he says. The infiltration become so insidious, Shields says, that technicians in China may send encrypted applications of stolen Nortel statistics to Shanghai and Beijing, by using sending information superhighway instructions to a “backdoor” buried in a Nortel laptop.

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to visualize that in the true world — it would be comparable to a overseas army constructing a hidden tunnel into Canada’s treasury vault, and marching out unimpeded with gold bars.

And it changed into greater than coincidence, Shields believes, that upstart Huawei abruptly changed Nortel as the world’s dominant internet know-how company.

“You might have put Steve Jobs in to run Nortel. but if you are up in opposition t a nation-state, Nortel would have failed, without Canadian executive intervention,” Shields pointed out.

“Canadians simply don’t know the extent of the chinese govt’s involvement in this element.”

 

Alliance Canada Hong Kong chief says a Huawei 5G community in Canada would music residents

Now, greater than 20 years after Nortel turned into first warned of chinese language Communist birthday celebration espionage, Hong Kong Canadians reminiscent of Cherie Wong say that Ottawa’s failure to protect Nortel and to right now bar Huawei from modern 5G networks is putting lives at risk.

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Wong, executive-director of Alliance Canada Hong Kong, an umbrella neighborhood for democracy advocates, says chinese dissident organizations are already tracked and focused by means of the chinese language Communist celebration in Canada, via chinese social media apps like WeChat and TikTok. And the possibility of Huawei 5G information superhighway in Canada is a lot worse, she says.

internal the chinese defense force’s assault on Nortel

“It’s a starting to be challenge even if or now not Canada is fitted to fight this level of interference from the chinese Communist birthday party,” Wong observed.

“we're being threatened and burdened. So giving Huawei handle of the web capability every thing they do should be monitored and tracked and given to the chinese language state.”

youngsters, Huawei strongly denies making the most of the hacking of Nortel, and says it has under no circumstances been accused of wrongdoing in Canada. The business says it complies with Canadian legislation and will not spy on Canadians. 

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americans’s Republic of China officials in Canada did not respond to distinctive questions for this story.

“Actionable intelligence”

a group of Canadian armed forces facts sought via world information that may shed light on experiences of huge espionage interior Nortel’s former Ottawa analysis headquarters are currently in a delayed vetting disclosure manner, a Canadian military spokesman suggested international news. but Brian Shields says he's certain Ottawa has statistics so that it will show Canadians “the fact about what happened to Nortel.”

One public listing that implies Ottawa may additionally well known a connection between China’s attack on Nortel and Huawei’s subsequent rise is a coy observation in the summary document of an educational convention held via Canadian security Intelligence provider.

“Ex-Nortel worker Brian Shields, who had led the forensic investigation of the compromise, got here ahead to reveal his experiences,” the summary record says. “Nortel went bankrupt in 2009. could there be a link between the Nortel breaches and the rising fortunes of Nortel’s main China-based mostly opponents, Huawei and ZTE?”

The record doesn’t answer that query. 

but a Canadian intelligence skilled with competencies of investigations at Nortel says Ottawa knows precisely what came about in the case.

“The facts that China compromised Nortel is indisputable,” the knowledgeable said. “It become being systematically compromised, and every thing become being taken. The best query is to what extent that caused Nortel to fall.”

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world information has agreed now not to name the expert because of his issues that China’s government is concentrated on him as a result of his probes of carrying on with cyberattacks.

The knowledgeable mentioned China’s attack on Nortel had many sides, from systematic hacking and planting of electronic bugs and spies inner Nortel facilities, to utilization of chinese PhD college students employed with the aid of Nortel to steal analysis, and attempts to compromise Nortel managers through the use of spies from the chinese Communist celebration and individuals’s Liberation army.

lots of these allegations are in keeping with a February 2020 U.S. department of Justice indictment that alleges Huawei changed into panic in a many years-lengthy conspiracy to steal technology from numerous sufferer businesses in efforts to grow its market share, the skilled observed.

“there have been visits by way of Nortel executives going to China to be wined and dined,” the knowledgeable said. “It become China’s classic United front statecraft. and people executives were informed in no uncertain phrases by their protection, ‘you're being recruited, and they'll compromise your computers and cellphones.’”

but to Shields and former CSIS brokers, it gave the impression Nortel administration noticed the warnings as exaggerated undercover agent novel plots.

“There turned into targeted actionable intelligence naming individuals and strategies and ambitions,” the knowledgeable noted. “there have been people that have been caught, and gadgets found, and backdoors found and traced returned to the chinese. And this became escalated up to Nortel leaders. and that they didn’t in reality want to see it.”

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The expert said Canadian intelligence eventually made the mind-blowing discovery that the chinese Communist celebration changed into using chinese prepared crime gangsters, in assaults on Nortel. 

“we have considered prepared crime, business and govt all undercover agent and bring together on Nortel,” the skilled referred to.

“The superior method to describe it's between a nation-state, industry and organized crime, there's cooperation to the factor of collaboration and collusion. Spying on Nortel grew to become a requirement that convinced everybody in that neighborhood.” 

In July — in a case that mirrors such allegations — the FBI accused chinese intelligence functions and organized crime companies of colluding in cyberattacks focused on COVID-19 vaccine analysis and highbrow property in lots of nations, and chinese language dissidents in Canada.

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Michel Juneau-Katsuya — former CSIS Asia-Pacific desk chief — Verified his former CSIS colleague’s observations involving China’s attack on Nortel.

Juneau-Katsuya pointed out he first completed a threat assessment on Nortel within the Nineties, and determined it become China’s top corporate espionage goal. soon CSIS diagnosed “quite a fascinating traffic between Nortel and China,” Juneau-Katsuya says.

 but his indicators to Nortel fell on deaf ears, he mentioned.

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“what is lacking in the Nortel story is exploring the relationship that has been flagged about all those [Nortel] leaders going to China for many years,” Juneau-Katsuya referred to. “i'm confident which you could see relationships where the United entrance Work branch will seem within the Nortel case.”

Beijing’s United front — based on a 2020 record from Australian analyst Alex Joske — is the chinese language Communist party’s substantial political impact and espionage community, which uses actors from business, politics and organized crime, to target Western political and business leaders and acquire intellectual property for China.

Juneau-Katsuya suspects the chinese Communist birthday party used the United entrance to take Nortel down and boosted Huawei into its area by way of presenting the company with subsidies and stolen know-how. 

“Nortel is a type of situations, the place Canada had the lead internationally, and they let it go. Why? For one, there have been forces within the Canadian executive. And Huawei obtained billions from their govt. So if I invest billions into you, i will be able to predict to control that operation. And Huawei’s founder is from the people’s Liberation army. So he is aware of a way to comply with orders. So i will make you very rich, and that i will provide you with intelligence assist, and i will aid in stealing suggestions.”

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“on reflection, it’s evidently written on the wall how this happened. there is ample circumstantial facts.”

Juneau-Katsuya’s former CSIS colleague referred to previous to Nortel’s fall down Ottawa lacked the strategic foresight and capability to battle China’s infiltration. 

The RCMP has jurisdictional and technical challenges investigating state-backed cybercrime, the expert noted, while CSIS and the CSE, Canada’s cyberintelligence agency, are reluctant to contain themselves in threats towards industry. 

“It turned into like a video game of volleyball when everyone calls the ball however no person goes for it,” the knowledgeable said. “The Nortel example changed into like they have a nation-state towards their industrial complex, and they don’t even have an company mandated to address it.”

Canada should take heed to intelligence neighborhood when opting for Huawei

The professional pointed out Canada is starting to respect the gravity of state-subsidized assaults on deepest industry but the govt nonetheless isn’t prosecuting situations.

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in the meantime, in the u.s., the FBI is opening a brand new case against chinese language espionage every ten hours, in keeping with director Christopher Wray.

It isn’t best China concerned in corporate espionage. Western excessive-tech corporations have also confronted accusations of IP theft, most regularly in civil court docket battles. however in line with the FBI the majority of IP theft situations involve a number of actors sponsored by way of the chinese language Communist celebration.

“It’s the people of the USA who're the victims of what amounts to chinese language theft on a scale so large that it represents probably the most biggest transfers of wealth in human historical past,” Wray referred to in July.

It remains to be considered what details the FBI will allege in its IP theft indictment in opposition t Huawei. And Huawei rejects allegations that it stole technology from corporations within the u.s. in an effort to develop its market share.

but some former Nortel employees appreciate the sorts of allegations made up to now.

Shields and former Nortel corporate safety worker Mike Kennedy instructed international news about a case that befell within the u.s. from about 2000 to 2003, the equal time that Huawei allegedly reverse-engineered Cisco information superhighway routers based on the FBI indictment.

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Some Nortel investigators alleged a corporation linked to Huawei had returned costly networking gadget to a Nortel workplace and asked for money back. Investigators judged the device had been completely disassembled and copied for IP theft. Kennedy and Shields pointed out a 3rd-birthday celebration enterprise become panic during this alleged reverse-engineering case, which resembles the FBI’s allegations towards Huawei within the Cisco case.

but Huawei says it has under no circumstances stolen IP from Nortel.

Wrestling with Unit 61398

For Brian Shields, when the U.S. cybersecurity company Mandiant pointed to Unit 61398, it made ideal sense. 

Unit 61398 is an elite americans’s Liberation military cyberwar unit that operates from a Shanghai compound, the place it’s estimated a whole lot of PLA hackers work day and evening, sucking records from Western high-tech industries and political objectives. in response to Mandiant, the unit is tasked through the chinese Communist birthday celebration’s most elite leaders to steal expertise for industries chosen for growth within the birthday party’s periodic 5-12 months plans. 

according to Mandiant, 61398 seeks broad swathes of highbrow property, business plans, pricing files, and emails from focused groups’ leadership. 

And in 2013, Mandiant pronounced Nortel became one in all 141 North American entities 61398 attacked. For Shields, 61398’s pronounced strategies healthy every thing that he observed concerning the cluster of cyber web addresses in Shanghai.

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another fact that seems more than coincidental, Shields says, is that Huawei changed into established in 1987 with the aid of former PLA engineer Ren Zhengfei. And the chinese Communist birthday party’s five-12 months plan for 1986 to 1990 changed into to “velocity up the construction of the power, communications, telecommunications and raw materials industries.”

Equally damning, Shields says, is the highbrow property stolen from Nortel in 2004. The checklist of records, reviewed by means of international news, includes strategy documents titled “street-map values and challenges to Nortel,” and “value Chain Dynamics & industry structure.”

And stolen R&D protected files with titles equivalent to “Photonic Crystals and massive Scale Integration” and “Switching and Tuning extremely integrated Optical Circuits” and “pace data Over commonplace cellular Telecommunications service.” 

These Nortel documents relate to its world-main fibre optics machine in 2004, and future innovations in 3G, 4G and 5G expertise that enable extremely distinctive media to be despatched worldwide by way of the cyber web. 

 “These were the crown jewels of Nortel R&D,” Shields talked about. “It become the long run. And the most effective entity that could improvement from these kinds of files being stolen, is a competitor.”

That’s why Shields says he can not be mindful why Ottawa would even accept as true with Huawei as a 5G community contender.

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“I on no account spoke of Huawei stole their technology, I said the chinese language govt stole Nortel’s expertise,” he said.

“i know what I found, and that i be aware of the discussions I had with certain americans. Don’t Canadians need to know, too?”

but Huawei has time and again denied any wrongdoing within the Nortel case. Responding to questions from international information, a spokesman pointed to a 2014 university of Ottawa study, which discovered that poor management selections resulted in Nortel’s downfall, no longer hacking.

“There had been information within the media that chinese language or different international espionage agents penetrated internal Nortel networks and computers with a purpose to purchase technology and strategic advice and that such action contributed to the downfall of the enterprise,” the college of Ottawa look at says. “We found no evidence of this and believe it not going.”

In an interview, Peter MacKinnon, one of the look at authors, referred to any hacking of Nortel became inconsequential in comparison to Nortel management blunders.

“There isn't any way the business might blame its failure on hacking via any celebration,” MacKinnon spoke of. “It’s a timing component, by using asserting Huawei has risen whereas Nortel went down. however that is not a right away relationship. There is not any causation there.”

For his part, Ren Zhengfei — who did not reply to an interview request for this story — says Huawei did not steal Nortel’s IP, and it changed into the 2000 market crash that in the end did in Nortel.

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“lamentably, Nortel collapsed since the IT bubble burst,” a transcript of Ren’s 2019 interview with the Globe and Mail posted on Huawei’s site says. 

And there is plentiful proof of dangerous administration at Nortel and lingering wounds from the 2000 crash, most principally in the accounting scandals that in the end resulted in RCMP prices against Frank Dunn and two other Nortel managers. Dunn and the different two have been finally acquitted. Dunn couldn't be reached for comment on this story. 

Astronomically low bids

Commodore Patrick Tyrrell, a retired military intelligence officer and the U.ok.’s first cyberwarfare chief, says the chinese Communist birthday celebration has mastered the paintings of waging war in their on-line world. Cyberwar strategy, Tyrrell says, matches the methods taught by way of historic chinese military general solar Tzu, who said that territory can be seized devoid of bloodshed, if the attacker patiently exploits an opponent’s vulnerabilities.

Huawei’s amazing boom in two decades beneath the chinese Communist birthday celebration and guided by way of PLA engineer Ren Zhengfei has the appear of a solar Tzu approach, Tyrrell said.

“the first aspect is, nobody does the rest in China devoid of the approval of the chinese language Communist party. And if you examine Ren Zhengfei and the construction of Huawei, it is quite clear here's a person with a armed forces vision,” Tyrrell spoke of. “if in case you have first rate intelligence, any armed forces man will wish to recognize the vulnerabilities in a specific business.”

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“And through the years Huawei changed into absolutely a hit in being able to take over Nortel.”

In Nortel’s case, Tyrrell says Huawei realized the Canadian large’s Achilles Heel became its big and expensive inventory of know-how property. generally, chinese state-champions can dwell afloat provided that Beijing decides to fund them. if you want to have the funds for to burn cash and undercut opponents in strategic areas, Tyrrell says. however Western companies die when charges upward push above earnings. via 2008 Nortel became in quandary and it desperately essential to land the 3G generic cell Telecommunications instant contract offered in Canada by using Telus Corp. and BCE Inc.

united kingdom’s first cyberwarfare chief says Canadian sovereignty riding on Huawei 5G choice

​however Huawei received the deal by underbidding Nortel an estimated 40 per cent. Telus and BCE did not respond to questions from global information for this story.

“You go in and make sure Nortel can’t get the funds to maintain this behemoth afloat,” Tyrrell talked about. “all at once it collapses, and low and behold that you would be able to go opt for the bits you desire.”

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the same case befell in 2005, Tyrrell says, when Huawei beat out Nortel and U.okay. telecom Marconi to construct part of a $17-billion fibre optic network for British Telecom (BT).

Huawei underbid the next lowest bidder Marconi through $US 1 billion — a few 40 per cent cut price — Tyrrell stated. And 12 months later, Marconi collapsed. 

“abruptly this enterprise comes in with this astronomically low bid. and they'd also have known if an organization should get this bid to literally survive,” Tyrrell talked about. “that's an impressive piece of assistance.”

BT didn't respond to questions for this story. however its community contend with Huawei became criticized in a 2013 U.ok. parliament intelligence and protection committee record.

The document summarized allegations made greatly towards Huawei by using companies similar to Cisco and Motorola. 

“it's alleged that Huawei become capable of win many contracts via stealing expertise from its rivals after which undercutting them on price,” the file says. “however Huawei strenuously denies that it has direct links with the chinese executive or defense force, claiming that it receives no financial help from the chinese language government.”

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in response to questions about Huawei’s funding, a spokesman despatched global information a YouTube video produced through Huawei which says the company receives a minimal volume of R&D funding from the chinese language govt.

“Huawei is repeatedly accused of being owned or funded by means of the chinese executive,” the linked video claims. “certainty is, Huawei is a personal company and is 100 per cent worker-owned.”

On the BT deal, with the aid of 2006, security concerns have been discovered on device installed via Huawei, the report says. And in 2008 British intelligence warned “theoretically, the chinese language State may well be capable of exploit any vulnerabilities in Huawei’s machine with a view to profit some access to the BT network.”

finally, in 2011, the U.ok. govt briefed Huawei in China “on considerations found out with its equipment” the document says, and Huawei promised to address gadget problems.

Huawei didn't reply to a question from world news, concerning the alleged machine problems.

Brian Shields and Patrick Tyrrell agree with these styles of community vulnerabilities can't be mitigated because the chinese language Communist birthday party sooner or later controls chinese tech groups.

And Tyrrell says nothing less than Canada’s sovereignty is using on Ottawa’s pending 5G choice.  

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“anything occurs to your suggestions grid is generic in Beijing earlier than it is primary in Ottawa in a Huawei 5G network,” Tyrrell pointed out.

“What that potential is the Canadian executive doesn’t have control of its destiny.”

The U.S. executive has come to an analogous conclusion.

This yr former U.S. countrywide protection adviser H.R. McMaster asserted that in 2019, “a series of investigations printed incontrovertible evidence of the grave country wide-protection danger linked to a wide array of Huawei’s telecommunications equipment.”

“Many Huawei workers are simultaneously employed through China’s Ministry of State security and the intelligence arm of the individuals’s Liberation army,” McMaster wrote in the Atlantic. “Huawei technicians have used intercepted cellphone statistics to aid autocratic leaders in Africa spy on, locate, and silence political opponents.”

© 2020 international news, a division of Corus enjoyment Inc.

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