Nortel 920-470 : Nortel Unified Communications - Converged Office for CS 1000 Rls. 5.x Planning & Engineering Exam Exam Dumps Organized by Chapman

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inside the chinese military assault on Nortel | 920-470 test Questions and Cheatsheet

It changed into a excellent clue. 

In 2004 Nortel cyber-protection marketing consultant Brian Shields investigated a major breach in the telecom colossal’s network. at the time Nortel’s fibre optics equipment turned into the realm’s envy, with 70 per cent of all internet traffic operating on Canadian technology. 

And someone desired Nortel’s secrets.

Shields found that a computer in Shanghai had hacked into the electronic mail account of an Ottawa-based Nortel government. the use of passwords stolen from the government the intruder downloaded more than 450 documents from “are living link” — a Nortel server used to warehouse sensitive highbrow property.

Shields quickly found the hacker controlled the debts of at the least seven Nortel executives. This turned into no random cybercriminal. but who became it?

Shields examined the numerical web addresses of computers extracting Nortel facts and located that they were clustered into a tiny pinprick of their on-line world. He become greatly surprised because it looked like a room stuffed with net servers. Whoever changed into behind these hackers, Shields believed, seemed to control China’s internet. 

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“It hit me like a ton of bricks,” Shields pointed out.

“I knew this couldn’t be happening unintentionally.”

 

China ‘totally took us down’: former Nortel cyber-safety investigator

Shields says the internet addresses were all registered to Shanghai Faxian Corp., a company and not using a connection to Nortel that Shields decided changed into a front without a true company in China. 

Shields noticed an additional foremost clue in Nortel’s logs of community traffic from Saturday, April 24, 2004. based on Shields, in exactly seven hours a Shanghai Faxian address downloaded 779 documents that day using the account of Nortel CEO Frank Dunn. The hack happened four days before Dunn was fired, amid an investigation of accounting irregularities. To Shields, this cautioned the Shanghai hackers knew exactly what Nortel’s board of directors planned, and the excellent time to extract a enormous cache of facts.

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“up to now, they now have 1,488 documents that have been downloaded,” Shields wrote to Nortel’s administration in his “statistics theft” investigation report. “China is the source of all extractions they are aware of.”

For months Shields tracked the hackers. however Nortel’s brass become frequently disinterested in the investigation and did little more than trade govt account passwords, Shields says. He says they were greater focused on 12 months-to-year profits and innovation budgets than retaining Nortel’s precious analysis. Mike Zafirovski, Nortel’s CEO from 2005 to 2009, didn't respond to questions for this story despatched to his LinkedIn account. Zafirovski stated Shields was prevalent to “cry wolf” and administration didn’t trust hacking became a true problem, the Wall highway Journal mentioned in 2012.

So the systematic hacking persevered, Shields says. And due to this fact, Shields says, in 2009 — after getting hugely underbid on a collection of contracts by way of China’s state-champion enterprise Huawei — Nortel went bankrupt.

within the conclusion, Shields decided China’s executive won complete handle of Nortel’s interior programs. After ten years of cyberattacks they could see every little thing Nortel changed into doing, he says. The infiltration became so insidious, Shields says, that technicians in China may send encrypted packages of stolen Nortel records to Shanghai and Beijing, via sending internet instructions to a “backdoor” buried in a Nortel laptop.

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to visualize that within the real world — it could be comparable to a international military constructing a hidden tunnel into Canada’s treasury vault, and marching out unimpeded with gold bars.

And it turned into more than coincidence, Shields believes, that upstart Huawei suddenly replaced Nortel as the world’s dominant cyber web expertise provider.

“You might have put Steve Jobs in to run Nortel. but when you're up in opposition t a nation-state, Nortel would have failed, without Canadian government intervention,” Shields mentioned.

“Canadians just don’t understand the extent of the chinese language government’s involvement in this aspect.”

 

Alliance Canada Hong Kong chief says a Huawei 5G community in Canada would song citizens

Now, greater than 20 years after Nortel turned into first warned of chinese language Communist party espionage, Hong Kong Canadians corresponding to Cherie Wong say that Ottawa’s failure to protect Nortel and to rapidly bar Huawei from contemporary 5G networks is putting lives at risk.

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Wong, govt-director of Alliance Canada Hong Kong, an umbrella neighborhood for democracy advocates, says chinese language dissident agencies are already tracked and centered through the chinese Communist celebration in Canada, through chinese social media apps like WeChat and TikTok. And the hazard of Huawei 5G internet in Canada is tons worse, she says.

inside the chinese defense force’s assault on Nortel

“It’s a becoming problem no matter if or not Canada is equipped to combat this degree of interference from the chinese Communist birthday party,” Wong noted.

“we're being threatened and burdened. So giving Huawei control of the cyber web capability everything they do may be monitored and tracked and given to the chinese language state.”

despite the fact, Huawei strongly denies benefiting from the hacking of Nortel, and says it has never been accused of wrongdoing in Canada. The enterprise says it complies with Canadian law and may not undercover agent on Canadians. 

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individuals’s Republic of China officers in Canada did not reply to distinctive questions for this story.

“Actionable intelligence”

a group of Canadian defense force facts sought by means of international news that may shed easy on reports of huge espionage inside Nortel’s former Ottawa research headquarters are presently in a delayed vetting disclosure manner, a Canadian defense force spokesman counseled international information. however Brian Shields says he is definite Ottawa has statistics with a view to exhibit Canadians “the actuality about what came about to Nortel.”

One public list that implies Ottawa may additionally well known a connection between China’s attack on Nortel and Huawei’s subsequent rise is a coy commentary in the abstract document of an academic convention held by using Canadian security Intelligence provider.

“Ex-Nortel employee Brian Shields, who had led the forensic investigation of the compromise, came forward to divulge his experiences,” the abstract document says. “Nortel went bankrupt in 2009. could there be a link between the Nortel breaches and the rising fortunes of Nortel’s leading China-based mostly competitors, Huawei and ZTE?”

The record doesn’t reply that query. 

however a Canadian intelligence expert with skills of investigations at Nortel says Ottawa knows precisely what came about in the case.

“The evidence that China compromised Nortel is undeniable,” the skilled talked about. “It was being systematically compromised, and everything changed into being taken. The most effective question is to what extent that led to Nortel to fall.”

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world news has agreed not to identify the expert because of his issues that China’s govt is concentrated on him as a result of his probes of carrying on with cyberattacks.

The skilled spoke of China’s attack on Nortel had many aspects, from systematic hacking and planting of electronic bugs and spies inside Nortel amenities, to utilization of chinese language PhD students hired by using Nortel to steal analysis, and makes an attempt to compromise Nortel managers through the use of spies from the chinese language Communist birthday celebration and people’s Liberation military.

a lot of these allegations are per a February 2020 U.S. department of Justice indictment that alleges Huawei become involved in a a long time-lengthy conspiracy to steal know-how from a lot of sufferer organizations in efforts to grow its market share, the knowledgeable pointed out.

“there were visits by Nortel executives going to China to be wined and dined,” the professional pointed out. “It become China’s basic United entrance statecraft. and people executives had been informed in no unclear phrases through their protection, ‘you are being recruited, and they will compromise your computers and cellphones.’”

however to Shields and former CSIS brokers, it appeared Nortel management noticed the warnings as exaggerated spy novel plots.

“There changed into distinct actionable intelligence naming individuals and techniques and pursuits,” the professional pointed out. “there have been individuals that were caught, and contraptions found, and backdoors found and traced lower back to the chinese language. And this was escalated up to Nortel leaders. and that they didn’t definitely wish to see it.”

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The knowledgeable talked about Canadian intelligence at last made the brilliant discovery that the chinese language Communist celebration become the usage of chinese language prepared crime gangsters, in attacks on Nortel. 

“we now have seen prepared crime, industry and govt all spy and collect on Nortel,” the knowledgeable referred to.

“The foremost manner to explain it's between a nation-state, trade and organized crime, there's cooperation to the point of collaboration and collusion. Spying on Nortel grew to become a requirement that satisfied each person in that neighborhood.” 

In July — in a case that mirrors such allegations — the FBI accused chinese language intelligence services and organized crime groups of colluding in cyberattacks concentrated on COVID-19 vaccine analysis and highbrow property in many international locations, and chinese language dissidents in Canada.

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Michel Juneau-Katsuya — former CSIS Asia-Pacific desk chief — confirmed his former CSIS colleague’s observations concerning China’s assault on Nortel.

Juneau-Katsuya observed he first accomplished a chance assessment on Nortel in the 1990s, and decided it became China’s true company espionage target. soon CSIS identified “fairly a captivating site visitors between Nortel and China,” Juneau-Katsuya says.

 but his signals to Nortel fell on deaf ears, he pointed out.

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“what's lacking within the Nortel story is exploring the connection that has been flagged about all those [Nortel] leaders going to China for decades,” Juneau-Katsuya talked about. “i'm assured which you could see relationships where the United front Work branch will seem in the Nortel case.”

Beijing’s United entrance — in accordance with a 2020 file from Australian analyst Alex Joske — is the chinese language Communist celebration’s big political influence and espionage community, which makes use of actors from company, politics and arranged crime, to goal Western political and business leaders and procure intellectual property for China.

Juneau-Katsuya suspects the chinese Communist party used the United front to take Nortel down and boosted Huawei into its location with the aid of providing the company with subsidies and stolen expertise. 

“Nortel is one of those situations, the place Canada had the lead internationally, and they let it go. Why? For one, there have been forces in the Canadian executive. And Huawei bought billions from their govt. So if I invest billions into you, i will predict to manage that operation. And Huawei’s founder is from the individuals’s Liberation military. So he is aware of how to comply with orders. So i'll make you very rich, and that i will offer you intelligence help, and i will assist in stealing assistance.”

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“in retrospect, it’s certainly written on the wall how this happened. there's satisfactory circumstantial facts.”

Juneau-Katsuya’s former CSIS colleague talked about ahead of Nortel’s cave in Ottawa lacked the strategic foresight and means to combat China’s infiltration. 

The RCMP has jurisdictional and technical challenges investigating state-backed cybercrime, the professional stated, whereas CSIS and the CSE, Canada’s cyberintelligence agency, are reluctant to involve themselves in threats in opposition t trade. 

“It became like a video game of volleyball when everybody calls the ball however no person goes for it,” the expert spoke of. “The Nortel illustration changed into like they now have a nation-state in opposition t their industrial complicated, and they don’t even have an agency mandated to handle it.”

Canada should still hearken to intelligence neighborhood when choosing Huawei

The professional noted Canada is beginning to recognize the gravity of state-subsidized assaults on inner most trade but the govt still isn’t prosecuting circumstances.

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in the meantime, within the u.s., the FBI is opening a brand new case towards chinese language espionage every ten hours, in line with director Christopher Wray.

It isn’t only China involved in corporate espionage. Western excessive-tech companies have also faced accusations of IP theft, most regularly in civil court docket battles. but based on the FBI nearly all of IP theft situations involve a variety of actors sponsored with the aid of the chinese language Communist birthday celebration.

“It’s the americans of the united states who're the victims of what quantities to chinese theft on a scale so large that it represents one of the crucial greatest transfers of wealth in human history,” Wray said in July.

It is still to be considered what details the FBI will allege in its IP theft indictment in opposition t Huawei. And Huawei rejects allegations that it stole know-how from groups in the u.s. with the intention to develop its market share.

however some former Nortel personnel admire the types of allegations made thus far.

Shields and former Nortel corporate safety worker Mike Kennedy instructed global news a few case that passed off in the u.s. from about 2000 to 2003, the same time that Huawei allegedly reverse-engineered Cisco internet routers in line with the FBI indictment.

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Some Nortel investigators alleged a corporation linked to Huawei had lower back high priced networking device to a Nortel workplace and requested for money back. Investigators judged the device had been absolutely disassembled and copied for IP theft. Kennedy and Shields said a third-birthday celebration business became concerned in this alleged reverse-engineering case, which resembles the FBI’s allegations against Huawei in the Cisco case.

however Huawei says it has by no means stolen IP from Nortel.

Wrestling with Unit 61398

For Brian Shields, when the U.S. cybersecurity company Mandiant pointed to Unit 61398, it made best sense. 

Unit 61398 is an elite americans’s Liberation army cyberwar unit that operates from a Shanghai compound, where it’s estimated lots of of PLA hackers work day and night, sucking information from Western excessive-tech industries and political pursuits. according to Mandiant, the unit is tasked via the chinese Communist party’s most elite leaders to steal technology for industries chosen for boom in the party’s periodic 5-year plans. 

in line with Mandiant, 61398 seeks extensive swathes of intellectual property, enterprise plans, pricing files, and emails from centered organizations’ leadership. 

And in 2013, Mandiant said Nortel became certainly one of 141 North American entities 61398 attacked. For Shields, 61398’s suggested tactics healthy every little thing that he accompanied concerning the cluster of web addresses in Shanghai.

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another proven fact that seems greater than coincidental, Shields says, is that Huawei turned into centered in 1987 through former PLA engineer Ren Zhengfei. And the chinese language Communist birthday party’s five-12 months plan for 1986 to 1990 became to “velocity up the building of the energy, communications, telecommunications and uncooked materials industries.”

Equally damning, Shields says, is the highbrow property stolen from Nortel in 2004. The checklist of facts, reviewed by way of international information, includes method documents titled “road-map values and challenges to Nortel,” and “price Chain Dynamics & trade structure.”

And stolen R&D included files with titles such as “Photonic Crystals and large Scale Integration” and “Switching and Tuning tremendously integrated Optical Circuits” and “velocity facts Over customary cell Telecommunications carrier.” 

These Nortel files relate to its world-main fibre optics machine in 2004, and future innovations in 3G, 4G and 5G technology that permit incredibly targeted media to be sent worldwide by the use of the web. 

 “These have been the crown jewels of Nortel R&D,” Shields talked about. “It became the longer term. And the handiest entity that could improvement from those kinds of files being stolen, is a competitor.”

That’s why Shields says he cannot be aware why Ottawa would even trust Huawei as a 5G network contender.

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“I in no way mentioned Huawei stole their technology, I mentioned the chinese government stole Nortel’s expertise,” he mentioned.

“i know what I found, and i comprehend the discussions I had with definite people. Don’t Canadians should comprehend, too?”

but Huawei has again and again denied any wrongdoing within the Nortel case. Responding to questions from global information, a spokesman pointed to a 2014 school of Ottawa analyze, which found that terrible administration selections ended in Nortel’s downfall, no longer hacking.

“There were information in the media that chinese or other international espionage brokers penetrated internal Nortel networks and computers with the intention to acquire technology and strategic assistance and that such action contributed to the downfall of the company,” the institution of Ottawa examine says. “We discovered no evidence of this and consider it not likely.”

In an interview, Peter MacKinnon, probably the most look at authors, said any hacking of Nortel changed into inconsequential in evaluation to Nortel management blunders.

“There is no approach the enterprise could blame its failure on hacking with the aid of any birthday celebration,” MacKinnon noted. “It’s a timing element, by using asserting Huawei has risen while Nortel went down. however that isn't an instantaneous relationship. There is no causation there.”

For his half, Ren Zhengfei — who did not reply to an interview request for this story — says Huawei did not steal Nortel’s IP, and it turned into the 2000 market crash that ultimately did in Nortel.

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“regrettably, Nortel collapsed since the IT bubble burst,” a transcript of Ren’s 2019 interview with the Globe and Mail posted on Huawei’s site says. 

And there's considerable evidence of unhealthy administration at Nortel and lingering wounds from the 2000 crash, most certainly in the accounting scandals that finally led to RCMP expenses against Frank Dunn and two other Nortel managers. Dunn and the other two had been at last acquitted. Dunn could not be reached for comment on this story. 

Astronomically low bids

Commodore Patrick Tyrrell, a retired military intelligence officer and the U.okay.’s first cyberwarfare chief, says the chinese Communist celebration has mastered the art of waging struggle in cyberspace. Cyberwar approach, Tyrrell says, suits the methods taught through historical chinese defense force time-honored sun Tzu, who referred to that territory can also be seized without bloodshed, if the attacker patiently exploits an opponent’s vulnerabilities.

Huawei’s marvelous boom in twenty years beneath the chinese Communist birthday celebration and guided with the aid of PLA engineer Ren Zhengfei has the appear of a solar Tzu method, Tyrrell mentioned.

“the primary issue is, no person does anything else in China without the approval of the chinese Communist party. And if you analyze Ren Zhengfei and the development of Huawei, it is quite clear here's a person with a military vision,” Tyrrell mentioned. “when you've got first rate intelligence, any armed forces man will are looking to know the vulnerabilities in a particular company.”

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“And over the years Huawei turned into absolutely a hit in being capable of take over Nortel.”

In Nortel’s case, Tyrrell says Huawei realized the Canadian giant’s Achilles Heel was its big and expensive stock of expertise belongings. often, chinese state-champions can reside afloat provided that Beijing decides to fund them. so that it will find the money for to burn funds and undercut opponents in strategic areas, Tyrrell says. but Western agencies die when prices upward push above sales. through 2008 Nortel turned into in hindrance and it desperately vital to land the 3G well-known cell Telecommunications wireless contract provided in Canada through Telus Corp. and BCE Inc.

uk’s first cyberwarfare chief says Canadian sovereignty using on Huawei 5G determination

​however Huawei won the deal by way of underbidding Nortel an estimated 40 per cent. Telus and BCE didn't reply to questions from global information for this story.

“You go in and ensure Nortel can’t get the cash to keep this behemoth afloat,” Tyrrell talked about. “all at once it collapses, and low and behold that you may go prefer the bits you need.”

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an analogous case befell in 2005, Tyrrell says, when Huawei beat out Nortel and U.k. telecom Marconi to construct part of a $17-billion fibre optic network for British Telecom (BT).

Huawei underbid the subsequent lowest bidder Marconi by means of $US 1 billion — about a forty per cent bargain — Tyrrell stated. And one year later, Marconi collapsed. 

“suddenly this enterprise is available in with this astronomically low bid. and they would even have favourite if a company must get this bid to literally survive,” Tyrrell observed. “that's a powerful piece of advice.”

BT didn't respond to questions for this story. however its community contend with Huawei became criticized in a 2013 U.k. parliament intelligence and safety committee file.

The record summarized allegations made commonly against Huawei by using groups equivalent to Cisco and Motorola. 

“it's alleged that Huawei became in a position to win many contracts by using stealing technology from its competitors after which undercutting them on fee,” the record says. “however Huawei strenuously denies that it has direct hyperlinks with the chinese language government or militia, claiming that it receives no fiscal help from the chinese government.”

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in accordance with questions on Huawei’s funding, a spokesman despatched global information a YouTube video produced by means of Huawei which says the company receives a minimal amount of R&D funding from the chinese language government.

“Huawei is time and again accused of being owned or funded via the chinese language government,” the linked video claims. “reality is, Huawei is a private business and is 100 per cent worker-owned.”

On the BT deal, by means of 2006, safety issues have been found out on equipment put in via Huawei, the document says. And in 2008 British intelligence warned “theoretically, the chinese language State may well be in a position to make the most any vulnerabilities in Huawei’s equipment as a way to benefit some entry to the BT community.”

finally, in 2011, the U.ok. government briefed Huawei in China “on issues found out with its device” the document says, and Huawei promised to address device issues.

Huawei did not reply to a question from world information, concerning the alleged gadget problems.

Brian Shields and Patrick Tyrrell trust these styles of community vulnerabilities can't be mitigated since the chinese language Communist birthday party in the end controls chinese language tech corporations.

And Tyrrell says nothing less than Canada’s sovereignty is riding on Ottawa’s pending 5G resolution.  

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“whatever occurs in your advice grid is commonplace in Beijing earlier than it is customary in Ottawa in a Huawei 5G network,” Tyrrell said.

“What that capacity is the Canadian government doesn’t have manage of its fate.”

The U.S. executive has come to an identical conclusion.

This yr former U.S. country wide security adviser H.R. McMaster asserted that in 2019, “a series of investigations published incontrovertible proof of the grave country wide-safety danger associated with a wide array of Huawei’s telecommunications device.”

“Many Huawei people are simultaneously employed by way of China’s Ministry of State security and the intelligence arm of the americans’s Liberation army,” McMaster wrote in the Atlantic. “Huawei technicians have used intercepted phone information to help autocratic leaders in Africa undercover agent on, locate, and silence political opponents.”

© 2020 global news, a division of Corus entertainment Inc.

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